Application Practice of Remote Acoustic Devices on UAVs

With the in - depth penetration of UAV technology in various fields, its characteristics of high - altitude perspective and flexible mobility have become important supports in scenarios such as security monitoring, emergency rescue, and public management. However, the traditional functions of UAVs mostly focus on image collection and data transmission, and they lack efficient sound interaction and deterrence capabilities. Relying on the core advantages of directional sound transmission and remote control, remote acoustic devices form an "air - space - ground" collaborative system with UAVs, effectively making up for the shortcoming of UAV sound interaction and further expanding their application value in complex scenarios.

I. Application Scenarios of Remote Acoustic Devices Adapted to UAVs

The combination of remote acoustic devices and UAVs accurately matches the following four core scenarios to solve practical operation pain points in different fields:

• Public security and security monitoring scenarios: At the scene of large - scale events (such as concerts and sports events), UAVs equipped with remote acoustic devices can broadcast notices for order maintenance in real - time (such as "Please abide by the on - site order and do not crowd"). During urban security patrols, when abnormal situations such as the gathering of suspicious personnel and high - altitude parabolic are found, they can output warning voices in a directional manner and synchronize the on - site dynamics to the ground command center. In key areas such as airports and railway lines, they can conduct air deterrence against illegal intrusion targets (such as personnel and vehicles breaking into the runway).
• Emergency rescue scenarios: After disasters such as forest fires, floods, and earthquakes occur, UAVs can quickly reach the disaster - stricken area. Through remote acoustic devices, they can broadcast rescue routes to the trapped people (such as "Please move to the high ground in the southeast direction, and the rescue team has arrived"), and deliver knowledge on safe risk avoidance. In maritime search and rescue, they can play positioning prompts to the people who fall into the water (such as "Keep floating, and the rescue ship is approaching"), and at the same time assist the ground team in locking the target position. In the search and rescue of people lost in mountainous areas, they can play missing person notices in a loop to expand the information coverage.
• Ecological protection and animal control scenarios: In nature reserves, UAVs equipped with remote acoustic devices can broadcast warning voices to illegal poachers to form air deterrence. In areas such as airports and farmlands, they can simulate the sounds of natural enemies (such as the calls of birds of prey) or specific frequency sound waves to achieve ecological bird repelling, avoiding collisions between birds and aircraft and damage to crops by birds. In the monitoring of wildlife migration routes, they can play warning sounds to animals approaching human activity areas to reduce human - wildlife conflicts.
• Public services and publicity scenarios: In emergency publicity such as urban epidemic prevention and flood control, UAVs can carry devices to broadcast policy notices in communities and streets in a loop (such as "Please complete the nucleic acid test on time and do a good job in personal protection"). In rural areas, they can deliver agricultural technology guidance and policy interpretation to villagers. In scenic spots, they can broadcast safety travel tips to tourists (such as "Please do not deviate from the travel route and pay attention to anti - skid") and civilized travel initiatives.

II. Core Customer Needs in UAV Scenarios

In UAV application scenarios, customers' needs for remote acoustic devices revolve around "lightweight, high efficiency, and stability", which are specifically manifested as follows:

• Lightweight and low - load requirements: The effective load of UAVs is limited (mostly 1 - 5 kilograms). Therefore, remote acoustic devices are required to be small in size and light in weight (usually controlled within 3 kilograms). They can be integrated on the UAV body or the mounting bracket without affecting the flight endurance (which needs to ensure a single flight of more than half an hour) and control stability of the UAV. At the same time, they support quick disassembly and installation to facilitate equipment maintenance.
• Long - distance clear sound transmission requirements: The operating height of UAVs is mostly 50 - 100 meters. Therefore, the device is required to achieve long - distance sound transmission in a high - altitude environment. The effective sound transmission distance in an unobstructed scenario is not less than 1,000 meters, and the voice signal has no distortion and no noise. Even in windy, rainy, and noisy environments, the ground personnel can clearly receive the information. For specific targets, it is required to have the ability of directional sound transmission to avoid sound diffusion interfering with unrelated areas.
• Remote control and coordination requirements: It supports remote operation through the UAV remote controller or the ground command platform, including volume adjustment, pre - made voice playback, and real - time voice input. No manual approach to the UAV is required for setting. At the same time, it needs to be linked with the UAV's GPS positioning, high - definition camera, and infrared sensor. When the sensor detects a target (such as trapped people and abnormal targets), it automatically triggers the acoustic device to work.
• Environmental adaptability and safety requirements: UAVs mostly operate in complex outdoor environments. Therefore, the device is required to have waterproof, dustproof, windproof, and high - and low - temperature resistance capabilities, meet the IP65 protection level, and can work stably in a temperature range of - 40°C to 60°C and under wind force below level 6. At the same time, it is required to have low - power consumption characteristics and can be directly connected to the UAV power supply system to avoid affecting the operation due to frequent charging. In terms of sound intensity control, it is required to comply with environmental protection standards to avoid hearing damage to personnel and animals.

III. Core Characteristics of Remote Acoustic Devices Adapted to UAVs

To meet the needs of UAV scenarios, remote acoustic devices need to have the following targeted technical characteristics to ensure efficient collaboration with UAVs:

• Ultra - lightweight design: The shell is made of high - strength lightweight materials (such as carbon fiber and engineering plastics). The overall volume of the device is controlled within 20cm×20cm×20cm, and the weight does not exceed 3kg. At the same time, the structural layout is optimized to reduce flight resistance and avoid affecting the aerodynamic performance of the UAV. Some devices adopt a modular design, and components (such as additional batteries and directional sound transmission modules) can be added or reduced according to operation needs, improving the adaptability of adaptation.
• High sound pressure level and wide frequency band output: The sound pressure level output can reach 130dB - 150dB, covering the human ear - sensitive frequency band of 200Hz - 20000Hz to ensure that the voice signal is clearly distinguishable. A professional acoustic algorithm is used to optimize the sound wave transmission path to reduce air attenuation. Even at an altitude of 50 meters, the ground personnel can still clearly receive the voice information. At the same time, it supports more than 10 levels of sound intensity adjustment to adapt to the needs of different scenarios.
• Low power consumption and multi - power adaptation: A low - power chip and an energy - saving circuit design are adopted. The working power consumption is less than 8W, and the standby power consumption is less than 2W. It can be directly connected to the UAV lithium battery power supply system without an additional backup power supply. Some devices have a built - in micro backup battery, which can maintain the continuous operation of the device for more than 1 hour when the UAV power supply is interrupted, ensuring that the key information transmission is not interrupted.
• Strong environmental adaptability: The shell meets the IP65 protection standard and can resist rain washing and sand dust intrusion. At the same time, it has wind resistance (it can work stably under wind force below level 6) and high - and low - temperature resistance (it can work normally in a temperature range of - 40°C to 60°C). The internal circuit adopts an anti - electromagnetic interference design to avoid being affected by the electromagnetic signals generated by the UAV communication module and motor, and ensure stable sound transmission.

IV. Integration Solutions of Remote Acoustic Devices with Other Equipment

In the UAV system, remote acoustic devices need to be integrated with a variety of equipment to form a "perception - decision - execution" collaborative system. The specific integration solutions are as follows:

• Integration with perception equipment: It is linked with the UAV's high - definition camera, infrared thermal imager, and laser radar. When the camera identifies abnormal situations such as "personnel gathering" and "illegal intrusion", or the infrared thermal imager detects signs of life in the disaster - stricken area, it automatically triggers the remote acoustic device to play the corresponding voice (such as "Gathering is prohibited here, please evacuate immediately" and "The rescue personnel have found you, please stay calm"). The laser radar can accurately measure the target distance and assist the device in automatically adjusting the sound intensity to ensure that the sound in the target area is clearly distinguishable.
• Integration with communication equipment: It is connected to the UAV's 4G/5G communication module or satellite communication module to realize ultra - long - distance control. When the UAV operates in remote areas without public network signals (such as mountainous areas and oceans), the ground personnel can send commands (such as switching the working mode and updating the pre - made voice) to the acoustic device through the satellite link. The device can transmit the working status (such as power, volume, and fault information) back to the ground command platform in real - time to facilitate remote monitoring and fault troubleshooting.
• Integration with positioning and navigation equipment: Combined with the UAV's GPS/Beidou positioning system, when the UAV enters a preset sensitive area (such as the airspace above schools and hospitals), the remote acoustic device automatically switches to the low - volume mode to avoid noise interference. When the UAV deviates from the operation route (such as deviating from the rescue area due to wind force), the device immediately plays a position abnormality prompt and sends an alarm to the ground platform to assist the operator in adjusting the route.
• Integration with warning light equipment: It is linked with the UAV's LED warning light and strobe light to form a "sound and light coordination" effect. When the remote acoustic device starts the warning mode, the warning light is turned on synchronously (such as a red strobe light). Through the dual stimulation of vision and hearing, the warning effect on the target is enhanced. For example, in night rescue, "sound and light coordination" can help the trapped people quickly locate the UAV position and improve the rescue efficiency.

V. Core Advantages of the Combination of Remote Acoustic Devices and UAVs

Compared with traditional ground acoustic devices or UAVs operating alone, the combination of remote acoustic devices and UAVs can exert significant advantages in many aspects:

• Expand the operation range and efficiency: UAVs can quickly cover a large - area area (a single operation can cover more than 10 square kilometers). Combined with remote acoustic devices, the information transmission efficiency is 5 - 10 times higher than that of ground manual broadcasting. For example, in the publicity of epidemic prevention in a 5 - square - kilometer community, UAVs combined with devices can complete the full - area coverage within 1 hour, while manual walking publicity takes 1 - 2 days.
• Improve operation safety: In dangerous scenarios (such as fire sites and toxic gas leakage areas), UAVs can replace personnel to enter high - risk areas for operation. Remote acoustic devices allow ground personnel to complete information transmission and deterrence without approaching dangerous environments, greatly reducing the risk of personnel casualties. For example, in a chemical plant explosion accident, UAVs carry devices to enter the scene to broadcast evacuation instructions, avoiding the risk of poisoning of rescue personnel.

Realize precise operation: Through the directional sound transmission technology and the precise positioning ability of UAVs, the sound can be accurately transmitted to the target area, avoiding resource waste and environmental interference caused by sound diffusion. For example, in the airport bird repelling scenario, UAVscan accurately cover the runway area with bird - repelling sound waves without affecting the surrounding residential areas.

• Reduce operation costs: One UAV combined with a remote acoustic device can replace the workload of 3 - 5 ground staff. Moreover, the single flight cost (electricity fee, maintenance fee) of the UAV is lower than the labor cost. Long - term operation can significantly reduce the investment in labor and time. For example, in urban security patrols, one UAV can cover the patrol needs of 3 - 4 streets, and the cost is reduced by more than 40% compared with manual patrols.

VI. Application Cases of Remote Acoustic Devices on UAVs

Case 1: Collaborative Application of UAV Bird - Repelling and Remote Acoustic Devices at Airports

An international airport introduced 10 industrial - grade UAVs, each equipped with a remote acoustic device, as well as a high - definition camera and a GPS positioning system. During daily operations, the UAVs patrol around the airport runways and aprons according to the preset routes. When the camera identifies the gathering of birds, the remote acoustic device automatically switches to the directional mode and plays the sound of simulated birds of prey (such as the call of eagles). At the same time, combined with specific frequency ultrasonic waves, ecological bird repelling is achieved. If the birds do not leave in time, the device can remotely adjust the sound intensity and type through the ground platform to continue repelling. In addition, during the peak period of aircraft take - off and landing, the UAVs can cruise at an altitude of 50 meters above the runway and broadcast the warning voice of "Unmanned aerial vehicles are prohibited in the airport clearance area" to the surrounding areas to prevent illegal UAVs from breaking in. After the implementation of this scheme, the number of bird - strike incidents at the airport decreased by 90%, and the bird - repelling cost was reduced by 60% compared with the traditional ground bird - repelling equipment.

Case 2: Practical Application of Forest Fire Rescue UAVs and Remote Acoustic Devices

In a forest fire rescue in a mountainous area, the rescue team put 5 rescue UAVs into use. Each UAV was equipped with a remote acoustic device, an infrared thermal imager, and a satellite communication module. The UAVs quickly surveyed the fire situation from the air. When the infrared thermal imager detected trapped people on the edge of the fire site, the remote acoustic device was activated immediately and played the voice instruction of "Please move to the fire - free area in the northwest direction, and the rescue team has set up a temporary shelter in that area" to this area. At the same time, the device synchronized the location information of the trapped people to the ground command center through the satellite link to assist the rescue team in formulating the rescue route. In the area where the fire spread rapidly, the UAVs could cruise 1 kilometer ahead of the fire line and broadcast the early warning information of "The fire is about to spread to the XX area, please evacuate immediately according to the predetermined route" to the surrounding villages to help the villagers evacuate in advance. In this rescue, the combination of the remote acoustic device and the UAV helped the rescue team find 12 trapped people within 3 hours without any casualties. The information transmission efficiency was 8 times higher than that of the traditional ground broadcasting.